bread, proverb, paremiological units, phraseology

V stat'e predstavlena leksema hleb, vystupayushchaya v roli central'nogo komponenta mnogochislennyh paremiologicheskih edinic russkogo yazyka. Vnimanie udelyaetsya paremiologicheskim edinicam kak v forme poslovic i pogovorok (hleb - vsemu golova, hleb-sol' esh', a pravdu rezh', luchshe hleb s vodoj, chem pirog s bedoj, otrezannyj lomot' k hlebu ne pristavish', chuzhoj hleb gorek i dr.), tak v forme tak naz. malyh form ustnogo narodnogo tvorchestva, t. e. ustojchivyh frazeologicheskih oborotov (hleb da sol', kusok hleba, sidet' na hlebe i (na) vode, hlebom ne kormi, est' (chuzhoj) hleb i dr.). Privedennye v stat'e paremiologicheskie edinicy predstavleny v sopostavlenii s cheshskim yazykom. Vnimanie udelyaetsya takzhe samomu terminu hleb kak, s odnoj storony, vazhnoj leksicheskoj sostavlyayushchej paremiologicheskogo fonda russkogo yazyka, tak, s drugoj storony, korennoj leksicheskoj edinice lingvokul'turnogo prostranstva slavyanskih yazykov. Odnovremenno v stat'e daetsya obzor tolkovanij termina hleb iz slovarej russkogo yazyka (V. I. Dal', D. N. Ushakov, S. I. Ozhegov i N. YU. SHvedova, V. V. Morkovkin), ssylayushchij na semanticheskoe i lingvokul'turnoe bogatstvo etoj leksicheskoj edinicy.

The article introduces the lexeme of bread, which represents an essential component in numerous paremiological units of Russian. We pay attention to paremiological units as proverbs and sayings (hleb – vsemu golova, hleb-sol' esh', a pravdu rezh', luchshe hleb s vodoj, chem pirog s bedoj, otrezannyj lomot' k hlebu ne pristavish', chuzhoj hleb gorek and others), as well as to the units in the form of verbal folklore, i.e. idioms (hleb da sol', kusok hleba, sidet' na hlebe i (na) vode, hlebom ne kormi, est' (chuzhoj) hleb and others). Paremiological units are presented in Russian-Czech comparison. We also focus on the lexeme of bread itself. This unit present an important lexical component in the paremiologial fund of Russian, as well s a basic lexical component in linguo-cultural environment of the Slavonic area. We also mention various interpretations of the term of bread, having its source in influential monolingual Russian dictionaries (V. I. Daľ, D. N. Ushakov, S. I. Ozhegov a N. Yu. Shvedova, V. V. Morkovkin). The definitions refer to the rich semantic and cultural value of this lexical unit.