PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKER; MICROGLIAL CELLS; DIAGNOSIS; CSF; ALS; CRITERIA; SERUM

Various cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are being studied to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic methods for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of our study was to establish the CSF levels of chromogranin A (CgA) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNF-H) in patients with ALS in order to assess these proteins as possible biomarkers of ALS. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of CgA and pNF-H were examined and mutually compared in 15 patients with sporadic ALS and 16 gender- and age-matched controls. Lumbar CSF CgA levels were increased in the patients with ALS compared to the controls (median 235 vs 138, P=.031). Lumbar CSF pNF-H levels were significantly increased in the patients with ALS compared to the control group (median 3091 vs 213, P<.0001). Identifying CSF biomarkers in ALS is important in order to establish the diagnosis in the early stages of the disease. pNF-H seems to be a good biomarker for the diagnosis of ALS. If confirmed on a larger group of patients, CgA may also become useful in the diagnosis of sporadic ALS.