bio-feedback; diagnostics; electrode; electromyography; ICS teaching module; urinary incontinence

AimTo present the teaching module Electromyography in the assessment and therapy of lower urinary tract dysfunction in adults. This teaching module embodies a presentation, in combination with this manuscript. This manuscript serves as a scientific background review; the evidence base made available on ICS website to summarize current knowledge and recommendations. MethodsThis review has been prepared by a Working Group of The ICS Urodynamics Committee. The methodology used included comprehensive literature review, consensus formation by the members of the Working Group, and review by members of the ICS Urodynamics Committee core panel. ResultsElectromyography (EMG) is a method to record spontaneous or artificially induced electrical activity of the nerve-muscle unit or to test nerve conductivity. EMG of the anal sphincter using surface electrode is most widely used screening technique to detect detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in urology. It is non-invasive and easy to perform. EMG methods using needle electrodes are reserved for diagnostics in well selected group of mainly neurogenic patients. These methods require expertise in the field of general EMG and are usually performed by neurologist and neuro-physiologist. The evidence in many aspects of use of EMG in urology remains sparse. ConclusionsCurrently EMG methods rarely play a decision making role in selecting proper treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. With the current efforts to improve phenotyping of these patients in order to provide individualized treatment, the role of EMG could increase.