Český Krumlov; murals; Middle Ages; beguines; monastery; devotion

Studie je věnována nástěnným malbám v českokrumlovském třetím ambitu, kde sídlila ženská kvazimonastická komunita františkánských terciářek ? bekyň. Jejich kvadratura byla vymalována nástěnnými malbami po polovině 15. stoleetí, jež kromě představitelů františkánského řádu a bratrů učitelů, je vyobrazena unikátní scéna tzv. weibermachtu ? kritiky nadvlády žen.

The presence of a lay semi-enclosed community of religious women in Český Krumlov has been nearly ignored by Czech research so far, mainly due to a significant lack of written sources. Therefore, we know very little from the preserved records ? in fact, only that the female lay community in Český Krumlov was founded in 1375 by Anne, a member of the powerful Rosenberg house and sister of the double monastery founders. After her death (in 1388) she dedicated her house (a court) to the group of lay women from all social strata. Her court was then (after 1400?) rebuilt to suit their semi-enclosed cohabitation in the immediate proximity of the double monastery of Poor Clare sisters and Friars Minor, who were responsible for the education and pastoral care of both Poor Clares and the tertiary sisters. The oldest mural painting in the tertiary convent (from c. 1380) has survived from the original house of Anne of Rosenberg and depicts a popular theme of so called weibermacht ? a morality warning against the power of women. The painting was probably repainted during the second third of the 15th century with figures of the Franciscan tertiary nuns. The new concept of cloister mural decoration was probably related to its architectonic adaptation. In addition to anonymous female members of the local Franciscan female tertiary community, its new painted decoration also depicts prominent male members of the church and Franciscan order (some of them are identified as St. Bonaventura, pope Nicolas IV, St. Luis of Toulouse, St. Antoine of Padua and St. Francis) plus theologians and teachers of the Franciscan order. The mural paintings in the ?third cloister? in the Český Krumlov double monastery represent a unique document of the visual culture of the local tertiary community, its collective, ?deindividualized? memory and ?disciplined? identity; simultaneously proclaiming the official incorporation of the local female tertiaries into the Franciscan order.