Debt, keyword, mass media, lexicographical sources, phraseme, proverb, characteristics, formal, semantic, stylistic.

Velké množství frazémů s komponentem *dluh* a jeho deriváty v obou jazycích, a to jak ve slovnících, tak v současném tisku, dokazuje jeho letitou aktuálnost. V první části příspěvku se autor zabývá etymologií slova dluh a jeho derivátů, dále klasifikuje frazeologizmy se substantivem dluh ze sémanticko-lexikálního aspektu v česko-ruském srovnávacím plánu.

In the first part of the paper, we present the etymology of the word *debt*, and we characterize Czech and Russian proverbs containing *debt*, obtained from Czech and Russian dictionaries of the 19th and 20th centuries, in terms of formal, semantic, and stylistic features. The second part of the paper focuses on the typology of common and new *debt* phrasemes that are widely used in the present Czech and Russian mass media, mainly in connection with recent negative economic developments around the world. Attention is also given to the level of equivalence between the Czech and Russian phrases.