Political geography, Globalisation, International Relations, International Organisations, International Conflicts, Ethnic Conflicts, Environmental Risks, Mass Migration, Socio-Pathological Phenomena, Problems of Women and Children, Human Rights, Trans-Border Cooperation, Philosophy for Children, Multicultural Education

After the end of a bipolar world, political, ethnic, religious, social and economic relates have entered into a new phase of development in an effort to discover new forms of balance. The political structures of the world are undergoing changes in different spatial dimensions from global through macroregional to local ones. We are witnessing of processes leading to democratization of political systems, but also of the opposite trends. These political processes are very strongly influenced by ethical and religious conflicts, nationalist tendencies, from positive emancipation to negative xenophobia. In terms of education, the disadvantage of reflecting changes of political structures is their relatively high speed, which cannot be reflected in textbooks and which requires constant updating from teachers. It is important to find an optimal level of politico-geographical knowledge for each school grade, and to avoid the mere memorizing of facts. The relation to political structures is most affected by subjective opinions of every teacher who passes them on to their students. Therefore, a strong emphasis should be placed on the training of pre-service teachers in the context of modern education of political and cultural geography. The political and economic changes in some Central European countries and their perception by the children of secondary schools will be reflected in the chapter.