structuralism, linguistics, language system, neostructuralism

Článek se zabývá strukturalismem, jeho kořeny, hlavními principy a limity toho přístupu. Je sledován vývoj strukturalistického myšlení, od předchůdců F. de Saussura až po neostrukturalisty Deleuze a Derridu.

This paper deals with structuralism, its roots, general principles and limitations. It pursues the evolution of main structuralistic notions (structure, system) in Schleirmacher and Humboldt theories of language and it tries to explain the causes of Saussurean langue-parole dichotomy. This paper argues that Saussurean ambiguous concept of sign offers entirely different interpretations and theories of natural language. The development of the Prague School and the Glosematics demonstrates modalities of solutions of important structuralistic problems, in particular the relationship between an autonomous language system (or its theory) and dynamic speech reality. Philosophical structuralism stems from a 'strong' interpretation of some passages of Course of generally linguistics and it represents some kind of reaction to the great development of natural science. Unlike natural science, structuralism wanted to discover invariant components of reality and it aspired to give an entire explanation....