eponym, deonym, deonymization, deproprialization, appellativization, appellative

Eponimy yavlyayutsya osoboj chast'yu slovarnogo sostava lyubogo yazyka. Dannym terminom oboznachayutsya vyrazheniya, kotorye byli obrazovany ot imyon sobstvennyh – ot antroponimov (t. e. imyon ili familij lyudej), toponimov (nazvanij raznyh geograficheskih ob"ektov), teonimov i drugih mifonimov (imyon bogov, mificheskih sushchestv, literaturnyh personazhej ili ot nazvanij mificheskih oblastej), ili sozdany na osnove drugih kategorij imyon sobstvennyh (naprimer, nazvanij kompanij i drugih ob"ektov). V nastoyashchej stat'e rassmatrivayutsya sledy imyon sobstvennyh v apellyativnoj leksike russkogo, cheshskogo i pol'skogo yazykov. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya istoriko-kul'turnym aspektam dannyh leksicheskih edinic v slovarnom sostave ukazannyh vyshe yazykov i ih tesnoj svyazi s imenami sobstvennymi, na osnove kotoryh oni byli sozdany.

Eponyms form a specific vocabulary of every language. This term refers to expressions and names that were formed from proper nouns – from anthroponyms (personal names of people), toponyms (names of geographical objects), theonyms and other mythonyms (names of gods, mythical beings, literary and movie characters or names of mythical lands) and from another proper noun categories (for example names of companies, cultural objects etc.). This article focuses on traces of proper nouns in appellative vocabulary of Russian, Czech and Polish languages. The attention is given to historical and cultural aspects of these lexical items in a vocabulary of given languages and their close connection with proper names from which they were formed.