toponymy, toponym, generic element, generic term, language transfer, Russian language, Czech language

Stat'ya posvyashchena problematike rodovyh komponentov toponimicheskih terminov russkogo i cheshskogo yazykov. V fokuse vnimaniya nahodyatsya kak glavnye terminy issleduemoj problematiki (toponimika, toponim, rodovoj komponent), tak i vopros o yazykovom transfere rodovyh elementov i rodovyh terminov. Analiz osushchestvlyaetsya v russko-cheshskom sopostavitel'nom plane, issleduyutsya rodovye komponenty toponimicheskih terminov, otnosyashchiesya, glavnym obrazom, k horonimam, oronimam i gidronimam. Yazykovoj transfer realizuetsya sootvetstvuyushchimi terminami prinimayushchego yazyka. S odnoj storony, bol'shinstvo issleduemyh rodovyh komponentov obladaet v processe perenosa s odnogo yazyka na drugoj pryamoj ekvivalentnost'yu, odnako, s drugoj storony, imeyutsya takzhe rodovye komponenty, kotorye pri perenose zamenyayutsya ne vpolne sovpadayushchimi perevodnymi rodovymi komponentami, t.e. oni perevodyatsya s pomoshch'yu semanticheski drug s drugom blizlezhashchih leksicheskih edinic.

The article is devoted to the problems of generic components of toponymic terms of the Russian and Czech languages. The focus of attention is both on the main terms of the studied problem (toponymy, toponym, generic component), and on the issue of linguistic transfer of generic elements and generic terms. The analysis is carried out in the Russian-Czech comparative plan, the generic components of toponymic terms are investigated, related mainly to сhoronyms, oronyms and hydronyms. The language transfer is implemented in the corresponding terms of the receiving language. On the one hand, most of the generic components under study have direct equivalence in the process of transferring from one language to another; however, on the other hand, there are also generic components, which are replaced during the transfer by not completely matching translated generic components, i. e. they are translated using semantically adjacent lexical units with each other.