communication skills; language skills; wage returns; gender; occupation; job requirements

The importance of communication skills is increasing on the labour market and a further strengthening of this trend is expected due to Industry 4.0. This development will have significant consequences for individuals’ employability, requirements on educational outcomes and gender equality. This article employs data from a representative survey of Czech employees (N=1,500) replenished with information on requirements on their communication skills (i.e. Effective communication, Czech language and English language) from the National System of Occupations in order to explore a) the distribution of communication skills requirements on the labour market, b) personal and job characteristics related to work positions requiring highly developed communication skills, and c) wage returns to these skills. The results show that one standard deviation increase in job requirements on communication skills is connected with 5.8 % wage premium. However, not everybody needs well-developed communication skills. Only a quarter of employees needs highly-developed Effective communication, Czech and English languages, while there is also a quarter of employees that needs only a very basic level of communication skills. Further analysis revealed that females perform more communication-intensive occupations than males do. This direct effect of gender is further strengthened by differences in fields of studies between men and women. Years of schooling and grades from maths at age 15, approximating cognitive abilities, as well as the need to excel, approximating one’s aspirations; all these represent other significant factors correlated with higher job requirements on communication skills. It should be mentioned that some employers’ characteristics are also correlated with high demand for communication skills.